The House of Lords Act 1999 removed the automatic right of hereditary peers to sit in the House of Lords, but the Act provided that the persons holding the office of Earl Marshal and, if a peer, the Lord Great Chamberlain continue for the time being to have seats so as to carry out their ceremonial functions in the House of Lords. Familypedia is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. Marquess or Marchioness - The Marquesses rank next to the dukes. History [ edit] The office of royal marshal existed in much of Europe, involving managing horses and protecting the monarch. The premier duke of Ireland is the Duke of Leinster.[2]. While non-royal dukes are entitled to a coronet of eight strawberry leaves, to bear at a coronation and on his coat of arms, royal dukes are entitled to princely coronets (four cross pattes alternating with four strawberry leaves). At present, there are roughly 30 dukedoms in the United Kingdom, with 10 of them being Royal Dukedoms, which are held by members of the Royal Family. A British or Irish duke is entitled to a coronet (a silver-gilt circlet, chased as jewelled but not actually gemmed) bearing eight conventional strawberry leaves on the rim of the circlet. Information om The Life of the Most Illustrious Prince John, Duke of Argyle and Greenwich. The oldest six titles created between 1337 and 1386 were Duke of Cornwall (1337), Duke of Lancaster (1351), Duke of Clarence (1362), Duke of York (1385), Duke of Gloucester (1385), and Duke of Ireland (1386). Alexander Grey, Viscount Howick, eldest son of the Earl Grey, 90. Non-royal dukedom created in 1719 (extinct 1743). A royal duke is a duke who is a member of the British royal family, entitled to the style of "His Royal Highness". Jonathan Forbes, Viscount Forbes, eldest son of the Earl of Granard, 64. 04 Mar 2023 20:18:00 Tristan Keith, Lord Inverurie, eldest son of the Earl of Kintore, 36. Oliver St John, Viscount Kirkwall, eldest son of the Earl of Orkney, 37. Prince Andrew, Queen Elizabeth II's second son, was dubbed Duke of York when he married in 1986, for example. Last edited on 18 February 2023, at 10:26, Learn how and when to remove this template message, List of dukes in the peerages of Britain and Ireland, List of dukedoms in the peerages of Britain and Ireland, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dukes_in_the_United_Kingdom&oldid=1140088323, Speak to as: Your Grace (formal and employees), Duke (social). Duke of Manchester created for the Charles Montagu in 1719. None of that is remotely funny and yet the audience seems spellbound by his ramblings. All but three of the non-royal ducal titles which became extinct did so before the 20th century (the Duke of Leeds became extinct in 1964, the Duke of Newcastle in 1988, and the Duke of Portland in 1990). Charles Armstrong-Jones, Viscount Linley, eldest son of the Earl of Snowdon, 135. List of dukes in the peerages of Britain and Ireland, Dukes in the peerages of Britain and Ireland, List of heirs of dukes in the peerages of the British Isles. They are titles created and bestowed on legitimate sons and male-line grandsons of the British monarch, usually upon reaching their majority or marriage. Charles Greville, Lord Brooke, eldest son of the Earl of Warwick, 47. Within the borders of the County Palatine of Lancashire, therefore, the monarch is hailed as "The King/Queen, The Duke of Lancaster" (even when the monarch is a queen regnant, by tradition she does not use the title Duchess). The dukedoms held by the members of the British Royal Family, Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, List of dukedoms in the peerages of Britain and Ireland, List of dukes in the peerages of Britain and Ireland, List of peerages created for British princes, "Order of Precedence in England and Wales", Prince Harry and Ms. Meghan Markle: Announcement of Titles, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal_dukedoms_in_the_United_Kingdom&oldid=1142855392, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. The office of royal marshal existed in much of Europe, involving managing horses and protecting the monarch. Dukes in the Peerage of the United Kingdom and Dukes in the Peerage of Ireland created after 1801, in order of creation Whilst the general order of precedence is set according to the age of the peerage, the sovereign's Grace may accord any peer higher precedence than his date of creation would warrant. Bernard Burke, The General Armory of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales, Comprising a Registry of Armorial Bearings from the Earliest to the Present Time (Heritage Books, London, 1840) Charles Mosley (Ed. It entered the Brisith peerage system in 1440 during the Hundred Years' War when Henry VI, king of both England and France, bestowed the title on John Lord Beaumont in an effort to merge the two countries' ranks. There was formerly an Earl Marshal of Ireland and earl marischal of Scotland . golden bee broadmoor menu. In the 13th century, barons were important landholders whom the monarch occasionally summoned to attend the Counsel or Parliament. Female titles are given in parenthesis and usually designate the wife of a peer. Francis Ronald Egerton is the 7th Duke of Sutherland and most of his wealth comes from his art collection and 12,000 acres in the Scottish Borders and East Anglia. 2", "UK Genealogy Archives - family tree, parish records, census, and other free ancestral resources", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_family_seats_of_English_nobility&oldid=1140186836, Lists of buildings and structures in the United Kingdom, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Plunkett-Ernle-Erle-Drax family of Charborough, The daily telegraph,mad about the mansion,a review of hassobury manor (27 February 2005), This page was last edited on 18 February 2023, at 22:01. Buckingham Palace announced that the Earl of Wessex will be granted the dukedom of Edinburgh when the title reverts to The Crown (the title will only revert to The Crown on both the death of the current Duke of Edinburgh, and the succession of the Prince of Wales to the throne). This page lists all earldoms, extant, extinct, dormant, abeyant, or forfeit, in the peerages of England, Scotland, Great Britain, Ireland and the United Kingdom. Until the reign of Edward III in the 14th century, the peerage of England consisted exclusively of earls and barons. Randal McDonnell, Viscount Dunluce, eldest son of the Earl of Antrim, 72. Alexander Baring, Viscount Errington, eldest son of the Earl of Cromer, 122. At coronations, apart from the differentiation of princely coronets from ducal coronets, a royal duke is also entitled to six rows of ermine spots on his mantle, as opposed to the four rows borne by an "ordinary" duke. William Herbert, Lord Porchester, eldest son of the Earl of Carnarvon, 57. George Child-Villiers, Viscount Villiers, eldest son of the Earl of Jersey, 14. As a symbol of his office, he carries a baton of gold with black finish at either end. Britain's 600 aristocratic families have doubled their wealth in the last decade and are as 'wealthy as at the height of Empire' Exclusive: Groundbreaking study finds hereditary titles are now. This article serves as an introduction to the British peerage*, which has evolved over the centuries into the five ranks that exist today: duke, marquess, earl, viscount and baron. Dukedoms are the highest titles in the British roll of peerage, and the holders of these particular dukedoms are princes of the blood royal. Hugh Grosvenor, the 7th Duke of Westminster - better known as 'Hughie' - continues to dominate The Sunday Times Rich List, published 17 May. There are 30 Dukes in the UK today. The leader of the House of Lords was Viscount Cranborne, heir to the 6th Marquess of Salisbury, and among the ministers were seven earls, four viscounts and five hereditary barons. Rather, these peerages are called royal dukedoms because they are created for, and held by, members of the royal family who are entitled to the titular dignity of prince and the style Royal Highness. The current earl marshal is Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk, who inherited the position in June 2002. Dudley Ryder, Viscount Sandon, eldest son of the Earl of Harrowby, 91. The Earl Marshal is considered the eighth of the Great Officers of State, with the Lord High Constable above him and only the Lord High Admiral beneath him. Adam Knox, Viscount Northland, eldest son of the Earl of Ranfurly (Peerage of Ireland), 102. On 29 September 1397, in an unprecedented move, six dukedoms were created on a single day. Thomas Anson, Viscount Anson, eldest son of the Earl of Lichfield, 103. There was formerly an Earl Marshal of Ireland and earl marischal of Scotland. Edward Coke, Viscount Coke, eldest son of the Earl of Leicester, 109. The current royal dukedoms are, in order of precedence of their holders (that is, not in order of precedence of the dukedoms themselves): The title Duke of Edinburgh (United Kingdom) was held by Charles III from 9 April 2021 until 8 September 2022, when it merged into the crown upon his accession to the throne. THE DUKE OF Kent and his son, the Earl of St. A. John Douglas, Lord Aberdour, eldest son of the Earl of Morton, 17. Charles Pepys, Viscount Crowhurst, eldest son of the Earl of Cottenham, 112. Twice a woman was created a Duchess in her own right (but only for life). Photo: 11th Duke of Devonshire by Allan Warren, own work, CC BY-SA 3.0 Dukes are the highest-ranking tier of the British aristocracy - a select elite within an elite, ranking above Marquesses, Earls, Barons and Viscounts, whose lands and titles derive from centuries of Royal patronage. Philip Yorke, Viscount Royston, eldest son of the Earl of Hardwick, 49. Why the lesser title? Much of the world is fascinated by the British royals, with all of their titles. The first, Cornwall, is a title that automatically goes to the heir apparent (if and only if he is also the eldest living son of the Sovereign). The current dukedom of Richmond was created in 1675 [lower-alpha 1] for Charles Lennox, the illegitimate son of King Charles II of England and a Breton noblewoman, Louise de Penancot de Krouaille . by R och andra bcker. His work has a particular focus on the development of The Duke of Edinburgh's . Davis Ogilvy, Lord Ogilvy, eldest son of the Earl of Airlie, 30. Abingdon, Earl of (E, 1682) - the earldom has been held by the Earls of Lindsey since 1938, when the 8th Earl of Abingdon inherited the more senior Earldom of Lindsey. introducing citations to additional sources, "List of earls in the peerages of Britain and Ireland", Earls in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, Charles Chetwynd-Talbot, 22nd Earl of Shrewsbury, William Hastings-Bass, 17th Earl of Huntingdon, Daniel Finch-Hatton, 17th Earl of Winchilsea, Nicholas Ashley-Cooper, 12th Earl of Shaftesbury, William Child-Villiers, 10th Earl of Jersey, Simon Bowes-Lyon, 19th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, James Lindesay-Bethune, 16th Earl of Lindsay, Simon Abney-Hastings, 15th Earl of Loudoun, James Douglas-Hamilton, Baron Selkirk of Douglas, Alexander Scrymgeour, 12th Earl of Dundee, Charles Stanhope, 12th Earl of Harrington, William Anthony Nugent, 13th Earl of Westmeath, Richard Hely-Hutchinson, 8th Earl of Donoughmore, Nicholas Le Poer Trench, 9th Earl of Clancarty, Peter St Clair-Erskine, 7th Earl of Rosslyn, Timothy Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 7th Earl of Minto, Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy, 5th Earl of Cranbrook, Raymond Asquith, 3rd Earl of Oxford and Asquith, Norton Knatchbull, 3rd Earl Mountbatten of Burma, Shane Alexander, 2nd Earl Alexander of Tunis, David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon, Alexander Macmillan, 2nd Earl of Stockton, "Page 1231 | Issue 46479, 28 January 1975 | London Gazette | The Gazette", "Earldom of Mar | Holders of the Earldom", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_earls_in_the_peerages_of_Britain_and_Ireland&oldid=1137502043, Robert Fiennes-Clinton, 19th Earl of Lincoln, Alastair Sutherland, 25th Earl of Sutherland, George Baillie-Hamilton, 14th Earl of Haddington, Alexander Ian Leslie-Melville, 15th Earl of Leven, Filippo, 11th Prince Rospigliosi, 12th Earl of Newburgh, Patrick Hope-Johnstone, 11th Earl of Annandale and Hartfell, Charles Finch-Knightley, 12th Earl of Aylesford, George Hobart-Hampden, 10th Earl of Buckinghamshire, Robin Fox-Strangways, 10th Earl of Ilchester, William Pleydell-Bouverie, 9th Earl of Radnor, Alexander Murray, 9th Earl of Mansfield and Mansfield, Piers Edgcumbe, 9th Earl of Mount Edgcumbe, (Arion) Thomas Piers Hamilton Butler, 11th Earl of Carrick, Robert King-Tenison, 12th Earl of Kingston, George Dawson-Damer, 7th Earl of Portarlington, Richard Graham-Toler, 7th Earl of Norbury, Albert Elliot, 11th Earl of Saint Germans, Grenville Temple-Gore-Langton, 8th Earl Temple of Stowe, Richard Montagu-Stuart-Wortley, 5th Earl of Wharncliffe, Ivor Edward Other Windsor-Clive, 4th Earl of Plymouth, Michael Hicks Beach, 3rd Earl Saint Aldwyn, Benedict Baldwin, 5th Earl Baldwin of Bewdley, David Lloyd George, 4th Earl Lloyd George of Dwyfor, Mark Cunliffe-Lister, 4th Earl of Swinton, Rachel Elizabeth Sutherland, eldest daughter of the, Susan of Mar, Mistress of Mar, eldest daughter of the, Alexander Sholto Douglas-Home, second cousin of the, Thomas Baillie-Hamilton, fourth cousin once removed of the, Marcus Abney-Hastings, half-brother of the, Princess Benedetta Rospigliosi, Mistress of Newburgh, daughter of the, Sir John Hobart, 4th Baronet, fourth cousin once removed of the, Charles Crichton, second cousin once removed of the, Rupert Craven, first cousin thrice removed of the, Robert Temple-Gore-Langton, brother of the, This page was last edited on 4 February 2023, at 23:57. Hereditary royal officeholder and chivalric title under the sovereign of the United Kingdom, Anne Mowbray Countess Marshal: Although Anne, Countess of Norfolk, Baroness Mowbray and Segrave is presumed to be the Countess Marshal, at the age of 7 on her marriage to the Duke of York, between 1476 and 1483 Sir Thomas Grey KT is said by Camden to have held the office of Earl Marshal. Both titles are reserved for princes (and their descendants). Archibald Cochrane, Lord Cochrane, eldest son of the Earl of Dundonald, 35. Five of these are ceremonial As with any peerage, once the title becomes extinct, it may subsequently be recreated by the reigning monarch at any time. The Earl of Wessex is the youngest child of The Queen and The Duke of Edinburgh and a full-time working member of the Royal Family. James Campbell, Viscount Emlyn, eldest son of the Earl Cawdor, 101. How many dukes are in England? The titles of Duke of York and the Duke of Gloucester have both become extinct more than once and been re-created as titles within the Peerage of the United Kingdom. Under the modern monarchy, one of the biggest privileges of being a peer, whether hereditary or life, is that it gives you the right to sit in Britain's House of Lords, the upper chamber of Great Britain's legislature. Thomas Nelson, Viscount Merton, eldest son of the Earl Nelson, 87. Being the end of January, it is now getting light when we set off for Tesco, the neon lights of the retail park at Whitfield as daylight grows stronger. Granville Leveson-Gower, Lord Leveson, eldest son of the Earl Granville, 105. Simon Fox-Strangways, Lord Stavordale, eldest son of the Earl of Ilchester, 50. David Wodehouse, Lord Wodehouse, eldest son of the Earl of Kimberley, 115. The royal dukes are dukes of the United Kingdom, but rank higher in the order of precedence than the age of their titles warrants, due to their close relationship to the monarch. Over the centuries, peerages were inherited, created or conferred by the British king or queen, originally to landowners who advised him or her, as a sort of Royal council. [1] He is also the leading officer of arms and oversees the College of Arms. This is a list of the 31 present and extant dukes in the peerages of the Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Scotland, Kingdom of Great Britain, Kingdom of Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 1927 and after. Frederick Lambton, Viscount Lambton, eldest son of the Earl of Durham, 104. Today, there are 34 marquesses. None of these titles is extant. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. As a result of the decline of chivalry and sociocultural change, the position of earl marshal has evolved and among his responsibilities today is the organisation of major ceremonial state occasions such as the monarch's coronation in Westminster Abbey and state funerals. Winston Churchill and the. The following is a list of dukedoms previously created for members of the royal family, but which have subsequently merged in the crown, become extinct or have otherwise ceased to be royal dukedoms. To kick off HuffPost's Epic Sandwich Month, we interviewed Montagu, who answers to the formal address of no joke . Info Share. For non-royal dukes, the rank goes in order of creation, meaning that the oldest non-royal duke is the most senior. Although marquess is the second-highest peerage rank, you don't hear much about it. David Hope-Johnstone, Lord Johnstone, eldest son of the Earl of Annandale and Hartfell, 34. And at Tesco I could replenish the wine stocks with a box of 3l of te cheapest red. 1. While in the Channel Islands, the monarch is The Duke of Normandy. Several members of the royal family attend a wedding including (L-R): Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, Princess Anne, Lady Frederick Windsor, and Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex on May 18, 2019. The Act provides that a successor of a person thus deprived of a peerage can petition the Crown for revival of the title. William Lloyd George, Viscount Gwynedd, eldest son of the Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor, 132. Besides the dukedoms of Cornwall and Lancaster, the oldest extant title is that of Duke of Norfolk, dating from 1483 (the title was first created in 1397). Robert Rous, Viscount Dunwich, eldest son of the Earl of Stradbroke, 99. John Savile, Viscount Pollington, eldest son of the Earl of Mexborough, 68. Signup for our newsletter to get notified about sales and new products. James Studley, Viscount Reidhaven, eldest son of the Earl of Seafield, 38. William Cunliffe-Lister, Lord Masham, eldest son of the Earl of Swinton, 134. (Elected officials make up the House of Commons, the government's lower chamber.) The younger sons of an earl are The Honourable (Hon. James Finch-Knightley, Lord Guernsey, eldest son of the Earl of Aylesford, 43. After the Norman Conquest in 1066, William the Conqueror divided the land into manors which he . The Duke of Cornwall holds precedence above all dukes, royal and non-royal, and is the Duke of Rothesay, and of Cambridge. David Marsham, Viscount Marsham, eldest son of the Earl of Romney, 83. The highest grade is duke/duchess, followed by marquess/marchioness, earl/countess, viscount/viscountess and baron/baroness. He is the eighth of the great officers of State in the United Kingdom, ranking beneath the lord high constable and above the lord high admiral. Interestingly, the business of selecting dukedoms for the royals is a fraught process. Frederick Ponsonby, Viscount Duncannon, eldest son of the Earl of Bessborough, 66. Now it ranks among the highest among all nobility. Ivo Bligh, Lord Clifton, eldest son of the Earl of Darnley, 65. Dukes and duchesses are addressed with their actual title, but all other ranks of the peerage have the appellation Lord or Lady. Alexander Palmer, Viscount Wolmer, eldest son of the Earl of Selborne, 119. The honors system has nothing to do . On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. William Bentinck, Viscount Woodstock, eldest son of the Earl of Portland, 12. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, List of earls in the peerages of Britain and Ireland, List of earls in the reign of Richard III of England, List of the titled nobility of England and Ireland 13001309, Complete Peerage, 1st edition, Vol VIII, P 171, Earls in the peerages of Britain and Ireland, Charles Chetwynd-Talbot, 22nd Earl of Shrewsbury, William Hastings-Bass, 17th Earl of Huntingdon, Robert Fiennes-Clinton, 19th Earl of Lincoln, Daniel Finch-Hatton, 17th Earl of Winchilsea, Nicholas Ashley-Cooper, 12th Earl of Shaftesbury, Daniel Finch-Hatton, 12th Earl of Nottingham, William Child Villiers, 10th Earl of Jersey, Alistair Sutherland, 25th Earl of Sutherland, Simon Bowes-Lyon, 19th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, George Baillie-Hamilton, 14th Earl of Haddington, James Lindesay-Bethune, 16th Earl of Lindsay, Simon Abney-Hastings, 15th Earl of Loudoun, Alexander Leslie-Melville, 15th Earl of Leven, James Douglas-Hamilton, 11th Earl of Selkirk, Filippo Rospigliosi, 12th Earl of Newburgh, Alexander Scrymgeour, 12th Earl of Dundee, Patrick Hope-Johnstone, 11th Earl of Annandale and Hartfell, Alexander Leslie-Melville, 14th Earl of Melville, Charles Finch-Knightley, 12th Earl of Aylesford, Charles Stanhope, 12th Earl of Harrington, George Hobart-Hampden, 10th Earl of Buckinghamshire, Robin Fox-Strangways, 10th Earl of Ilchester, William Pleydell-Bouverie, 9th Earl of Radnor, Alexander Murray, 8th and 9th Earl of Mansfield, Christopher Edgcumbe, 9th Earl of Mount Edgcumbe, Charles Chetwynd-Talbot, 22nd Earl of Waterford, William Anthony Nugent, 13th Earl of Westmeath, Robert King-Tenison, 12th Earl of Kingston, George Dawson-Damer, 7th Earl of Portarlington, Richard Hely-Hutchinson, 8th Earl of Donoughmore, Richard Graham-Toler, 7th Earl of Norbury, Peter St Clair-Erskine, 7th Earl of Rosslyn, Timothy Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 7th Earl of Minto, James Temple-Gore-Langton, 9th Earl Temple of Stowe, Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy, 5th Earl of Cranbrook, Raymond Asquith, 3rd Earl of Oxford and Asquith, Simon Bowes-Lyon, 6th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, Benedict Baldwin, 5th Earl Baldwin of Bewdley, David Lloyd George, 4th Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor, Norton Knatchbull, 3rd Earl Mountbatten of Burma, Shane Alexander, 2nd Earl Alexander of Tunis, Mark Cunliffe-Lister, 4th Earl of Swinton, David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon, Alexander Macmillan, 2nd Earl of Stockton, Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex and Earl of Forfar, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_earldoms&oldid=1140854177, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 1st creation; recreated 1031, 1055, 1065, 1067, 1068, 1072, 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 1st creation; recreated 1067, 1141, 1227, 1321, 1360, 1461, 1465, 1866, 2nd creation; recreated 1055, 1065, 1067, 1068, 1072, 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 1st creation; recreated 1052, 1058, 1067, 1141, 1199, 2nd creation; forfeit 10511057; recreated 1051, 1067, 2nd creation; recreated 1058, 1067, 1141, 1199, 3rd creation; recreated 1065, 1067, 1068, 1072, 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 4th creation; recreated 1067, 1067, 1067, 1068, 1072, 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 2nd creation; recreated 1141, 1227, 1321, 1360, 1461, 1465, 1866, 5th creation; recreated 1067, 1068, 1072, 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 6th creation; recreated 1067, 1068, 1072, 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 7th creation; forfeit 10681070; recreated 1068, 1072, 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 1st creation; recreated 1140, 1141, 1180, 1189, 1217, 1225, 1307, 1330, 8th creation; recreated 1070, 1072, 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 1st creation; recreated 1071, 1121, 1232, 1253, 1264, 1850, 2nd creation; recreated 1121, 1232, 1253, 1264, 1850, 9th creation; recreated 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 11th creation; recreated 1086, 1139, 1189, 3rd creation; recreated 1232, 1253, 1264, 1850, 2nd creation; recreated 1141, 1180, 1189, 1217, 1225, 1307, 1330, 3rd creation; recreated 1180, 1189, 1217, 1225, 1307, 1330, 3rd creation; recreated 1227, 1321, 1360, 1461, 1465, 1866, granted by Empress Matilda, unconfirmed by subsequent monarchs, never used by descendants, 4th creation; recreated 1189, 1217, 1225, 1307, 1330, 5th creation; recreated 1217, 1225, 1307, 1330, 4th creation; recreated 1321, 1360, 1461, 1465, 1866, de Clinton, Pelham-Clinton-Hope, Fiennes-Clinton, extinct 1661, on the death of the 2nd earl, this title was possibly never actually created, but has been claimed as a subsidiary title by the, extinct 1942, on the death of the 8th earl, de Moravia/Sutherland, Gordon, Sutherland, Leveson-Gower, Sutherland (Janson), peerage earldom dormant, territorial earldom extant, peerage for life only; subsidiary title of the, de Burgh, Plantagenet, Mortimer, Plantagenet, second creation (the first was in the Peerage of Great Britain), Montagu-Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie, Wortley, British Army officer; Commander-in-Chief of the Forces (from 1900 to 1904); former Commander-in-Chief of the British Forces in South Africa, Commander-in-Chief, Ireland, and Commander-in-Chief, India, colonial administrator; Consul-General of Egypt (from 1883 to 1907), Conservative Party politician; former First Commissioner of Works (from 1902 to 1905), Liberal Party politician; Lord Steward of the Household (from 1905 to 1907), Liberal Party politician; Lord High Chancellor (from 1905 to 1912), former Prime Minister (from 1894 to 1895); also, Liberal Party politician; Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (from 1908 to 1913); former Governor of Victoria (from 1895 to 1900), Conservative Party politician; former Viceroy of India (from 1899 to 1905); created, British Army officer and cabinet minister; Secretary of State for War (from 1914 to 1916); formerly British Consul-General in Egypt and Commander-in-Chief, India, Conservative Party politician; former Chancellor of the Exchequer (from 1895 to 1902); elevated to an earldom following his work on government finances during the First World War, cousin and brother-in-law of George V; ennobled after relinquishing his German titles, Liberal Party politician; Lord Chief Justice of England (from 1913 to 1921) and former Attorney General (from 1910 to 1913); created, Royal Navy officer; Commander-in-Chief of the Grand Fleet (from 1916 to 1919), British Army officer; Commander-in-Chief of the British Expeditionary Force (from 1915 to 1919), Conservative Party and Irish Unionist Alliance politician; former leader of the latter (from 1910 to 1919) and a former cabinet minister, Liberal Party politician and colonial administrator; Governor-General of South Africa (from 1914 to 1920), Conservative Party politician; Foreign Secretary (from 1919 to 1924); former Viceroy of India (from 1899 to 1905); subsidiary title of the, former Prime Minister (from 1902 to 1905).
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